Grammar - Grade 3 List View

Review these list items to study and edit your keyphrase and other memory aids.
Grammar Point

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甲斐かい・がい

effect, result, worth, use, avail


Verb informal + 甲斐がある or 甲斐がない

Used to express whether an action is worth the effort or not. It follows the informal form of a verb to show the result or ongoing worth of an action.

Verb informal

The informal form of a verb, usually in the past or continuous tense, followed by 甲斐がある for a positive result, or 甲斐がない for a lack of result.


It was worth waking up early.

Explaining it many times was not worth the effort.

Note

甲斐 is a dependent noun that shows something is worth someone's effort. It acts as a regular noun modified by the preceding informal verb.

Noun + の + 甲斐がある or 甲斐がない

Used with action nouns to express that the effort put into that action was either worth it or produced no positive result.

Noun + の

A noun representing an action or effort, followed by the particle の and 甲斐.


The practice is paying off.

The effort is in vain.

Note

This formation is usually used with nouns that imply some kind of exertion, time, or energy spent, such as practice, effort, or study.

Verb ます stem + 甲斐

Attached directly to the stem of a verb to create a noun phrase meaning that the action is worth doing or has meaning.

Verb ます stem

The ます stem of a verb directly combined with 甲斐.


This book is very much worth reading.

This job is not worth doing.

Note

When attached directly to a verb stem, 甲斐 undergoes a sound change (rendaku) and is typically pronounced as がい (gai).

Sentence 1 + その甲斐があって + Sentence 2

Acts as a conjunction between two sentences. It shows that the positive result in the second sentence happened because of the effort mentioned in the first sentence.

その甲斐があって

Starts the second sentence to indicate that the preceding statement's effort paid off and led to the following result.


I ran every day. It was worth the effort, and I won the tournament.

Note

In this specific sentence pattern, only the demonstrative word その can precede 甲斐.



Radicals of radicals