Grammar - Grade 3 List View

Review these list items to study and edit your keyphrase and other memory aids.
Grammar Point
conjunction
conj 
word usually written using kana alone
uk 
A Keyphrase should be a short phrase that brings to mind and helps to remember the information on this frame.
~ないし(は)~

or

Noun / Informal Sentence + ないしは + Noun / Sentence

This formation acts as a conjunction to present two possible choices, actions, or events, translating to or. When used to mean or, the particle は is almost always included as ないしは. Additionally, the particle か is frequently attached to the first noun or informal sentence to emphasize the choice.

Noun 1 (+ か) + ないしは + Noun 2

Links two nouns to present them as two possible options. Adding the particle か after the first noun is optional but common.

Please drink water or tea.

I will contact you on Monday or Tuesday.

Informal Sentence 1 (+ か) + ないしは + Sentence 2

Links two clauses or actions. The first sentence must be in the informal form and is usually followed by the particle か before introducing the second sentence.

I will go on foot, or I will go by bicycle.

I will buy a new car, or repair the old car.

Note

Unlike the number range formation, using just ないし without は when connecting nouns or sentences is uncommon and can sound unnatural. This is a formal expression; in casual speech, simple alternatives like か or それとも are preferred.

Words: 
乃至ないし
Radicals of radicals